海底天然气水合物地球化学探测技术   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13  

程思海  陈道华  张欣  刘坚 《海洋地质前沿》2003,19(10):30-34

海底天然气水合物是未来的新型能源，地球化学探测与分析技术在天然气水合物勘探、研究和开发中发挥巨大作用。简要介绍了天然气水合物地球化学探测方法及相关的分析测试技术，包括海底沉积物、海水、海面低层大气中烃类气体(主要为甲烷)、孔隙水中阴阳离子和同位素地球化学异常等。并对发展天然气水舍物地球化学探测与分析新技术提出建议。  相似文献   

海洋贝类利用模式生命周期评价方法研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李君  孙恢礼  吴园涛  翁世兵  林丽云  孙小钰 《热带海洋学报》2007,26(4):70-75

首次将产品生命周期评价方法(LCA)应用于海洋贝类利用模式上。根据海洋贝类利用技术产业发展的特性和趋势,设计构建了由确定目标和范围、清单分析、影响评价3个步骤组成的评价体系,挑选了具有典型代表的2种扇贝利用模式进行评价,对其生产过程中的资源消耗、固体废弃物、富营养化、温室效应、酸化影响和潜在影响进行对比评价。评价结果显示其中资源消耗、温室效应、酸化影响、潜在健康影响的影响潜值模式2(产品模式为扇贝柱、复合氨基酸、鱼虾饵料和贝壳工艺品)比模式1(产品模式为扇贝柱、食用贝边、鱼虾鲜饵料和饲料添加剂)低;而固体废弃物、富营养化的影响潜值,模式2比模式1高。本评价方法可用于选择和优化海洋贝类的绿色化高值利用模式。研究表明,利用文章提出的海洋贝类利用评价方法可以有效掌握贝类利用的整个过程的环境行为,确定其中优化资源、节省能源和减少污染的关键步骤,为优化利用模式提供基础数据支持。  相似文献   

山东省近50年海洋气象灾害特征分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘敦训 《海洋预报》2006,23(1):59-64

本文通过大量的文献和资料查阅,系统的统计分析了近50a山东省沿海及责任海区海雾、风暴潮、风暴海浪、海冰等几种主要海洋气象灾害的海洋、气象及分布特征和灾害情况,进一步分析了它们的变化规律和产生原因,为海洋气象业务、服务、科研提供有益的参考。  相似文献   

Symbiotic Relations of Sediment-Agglutinating Nematodes and Bacteria in Detrital Habitats: The Enzyme-Sharing Concept   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Franz Riemann  & Elisabeth Helmke 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(2):93-113

Abstract. A new concept (‘enzyme sharing’) concerning the interaction of marine nematodes and microbes in the degradation of sedimentary detritus is presented. Elements of this concept are (1) the notorious tendency of many aquatic nematodes to agglutinate detrital particles by mucus secretions, (2) new observations on the stimulation of microbial growth by nematodes in agar plates, and (3) literature data on limited endogenous proteolytic capacities of aquatic nematodes.
Observations on nematode‐microbe associations in agar plates prompted the conceptual synthesis. In agar medium without the addition of any nutrients a spectacular growth of bacteria was visible on the sinusoidal crawling trails of nematodes only 2 – 3 days after introduction of the worms (species of Adoncholaimus, Anoplostoma and Sabatieria). Juveniles of Anoplostoma that hatched in the agar cultures left their minute trails in the medium and these were rapidly occupied by bacteria. The nematodes repeatedly visited their bacterial trails, which persisted as a peculiar biotic structure for more than one year and survived the nematodes.
In sterile agar preparations containing the fluorogenic methylumbelliferyl‐β‐glucoside in the presence of the nematode Adoncholaimus, an enhanced fluorescence of the medium was visible, indicating β‐glucosidase activity. We therefore assume that oncholaimid nematodes discharge enzymes that alone, or in concert with microbial activities, contribute to the hydrolytic cleavage of refractory polysaccharides containing β‐glucosidic bonds such as agar components and cellulose. The sugars thus produced may then be taken up by the nematodes and concomitantly support the conspicuous growth of microbes. Since we did not observe any feeding of the nematodes on the associated microbes in agar plates, we question the nutritive potential of intact microbial cells for a number of nematodes abounding in detrital habitats, and call attention to the significance of ambient dissolved or adsorbed organic monomeric nutrients.
Consequently, we perceive the puzzling perpetual accretion of detrital organic particles to sediment agglutinations by nematodes as an adaptation for operating an ‘enzymatic reactor’ for the production of dissolved nutrients. We hypothesise a relationship of mutual commensalism of nematodes and heterotrophic microbes in detrital habitats and propose the term ‘enzyme sharing’ for this relationship. Both parties invest in a common enzyme pool that decomposes organic detritus for their nutrition. We present here evidence that nematodes contribute β‐glucosidase, which is involved in the cellulase system. Data from the literature suggest that microbial enzymatic processing of detrital proteins yields amino acids available to nematodes, which apparently have no efficient proteolytic enzyme system in their intestines.  相似文献   

Biomarkers of Exposure and Effects for Assessing Toxicological Risk of Endocrine Disrupters in Top Predators of the Mediterranean Sea     

M. Cristina Fossi  Silvia Casini  Letizia Marsili  Stefania Ancora  Gabriele Mori  Giovanni Neri  Antonella Ausili  Teresa Romeo  Alessandra Moscatelli  Giuseppe Notarbartolo Di  Sciara 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(S1):184-189

Abstract. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) have the potential to alter hormone pathways that regulate reproductive processes in wildlife and fisheries. In this research the unexplored hypothesis that Mediterranean top predator species (such as large pelagic fish and marine mammals) are potentially at risk due to EDCs is investigated. In the Mediterranean environment, top predators accumulate high concentrations of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) and toxic metals, incurring high toxicological risk. Here we illustrate the need to develop sensitive biomarkers for evaluation of toxicological risk in top marine predators (Xiphias gladius, Thunnus thynnus thynnus) and non-lethal techniques, such as non-destructive biomarkers, for the hazard assessment of threatened species exposed to EDCs, such as marine mammals ( Stenella coeruleoalba, Tursiops truncatus, Delphinus delphis and Balaenoptera physalus ).  相似文献   

一个基于TOPEX卫星极端海面风速预测的海洋地理信息系统   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

方朝阳  陈戈 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,31(5):789-794

在基于 TOPEX卫星数据建立全球极端海面风速预测模型的基础上 ,开发出用于极端海面风速预测和可视化预测结果的海洋地理信息系统 (MGIS)。并论述全球极端海面风速预测的意义和 MGIS在预测过程中的重要性及必要性 ;给出全球极端海面风速预测的统计模型 ;简述极端海面风速预测海洋地理信息系统的结构、工作流程和功能 ;同时 ,对系统的预测结果进行初步分析  相似文献   

海洋固氮蓝藻Calothrix sp.与Lyngbya sp.固氮生理的研究     

张燕英  董俊德  张偲  王友绍  王汉奎  黄良民 《热带海洋学报》2006,25(4):46-50

研究盐度、昼夜变化、温度及阿特拉津(光合系统Ⅱ抑制剂)对2种海洋固氮蓝藻Calothrixsp.strain(代号为MCT1)和Lyngbyasp.strain(代号为MCT6)固氮活性的影响。结果表明,MCT1在盐度10—48范围内具有相对较高的固氮活性,在盐度为30时固氮活性最高,达到0.687 2μmolC2H2.(g.h)-1;而MCT6随盐度改变固氮活性变化幅度较大,盐度为24时具有最高固氮活性,其活性为0.876 8μmolC2H2.(g.h)-1。MCT1和MCT6固氮活性的昼夜变化明显不同,具有异型胞的海洋固氮蓝藻MCT1白天的固氮活性明显高于夜晚;而无异型胞的MCT6最高固氮活性发生在晚上,白天固氮活性较低。一定浓度的阿特拉津通过抑制光合作用阻断能量和还原剂的提供,使藻体在较短时间内丧失固氮能力。加入阿特拉津后2种藻体的固氮活性与对照组相比有明显的变化,实验第3天开始MCT1的所有经阿特拉津处理的样品固氮活性丧失;MCT6经(50—1 000)×10-6阿特拉津处理的样品从实验第3天开始固氮活性完全消失。  相似文献   

建设青岛国家海洋高技术产业基地的战略研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘洪滨  刘康  焦桂英 《海洋科学》2006,30(12):65-71

海洋高技术产业作为21世纪的朝阳产业,其发展速度和前景明显优于其他高技术产业,成为西方发达国家推崇的主导产业。青岛市作为中国的海洋科学研究中心,应建成中国的海洋高技术产业基地。对建设青岛国家海洋高技术产业基地作了分析,提出了青岛市以发展海洋药物及功能食品、海洋天然产物和活性物质提取、海洋精细化工和海洋防腐、海洋水产品苗种培育及养殖、海洋工程设备及仪器仪表五大类海洋高技术产业基地的总体发展目标和战略对策。  相似文献   

红树植物白骨壤叶片衰老过程中叶肉细胞Ca2+水平的变化     

杨盛昌  谢潮添  陈文列 《台湾海峡》2003,22(2):145-149,T001

用焦锑酸钙沉淀的电镜细胞化学方法，研究了白骨壤叶片衰老过程中叶肉细胞Ca^2 水平的变化．结果表明，在白骨壤幼叶和成熟叶叶肉细胞中，焦锑酸钙沉淀颗粒大量出现在液池和细胞间隙中，细胞壁中也可见少量沉淀，而细胞基质中则看不到焦锑酸钙沉淀．在衰老叶中，细胞基质和细胞膜上焦锑酸钙沉淀增加，而液泡和细胞间隙中的锑酸钙沉淀则显著减少，并且叶绿体外膜部分破损，结构破坏，核膜与液泡膜内部结构模糊，叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气扎手率和蒸腾速率显著下降．Ca^2 的区域性分布的变化与植物叶片衰老密切相关。  相似文献   

The concentration and distribution of dimethyl sulfide in the marine atmospheric boundary layer near the equator     

Li Xingsheng  Li Zhe  F. Parungo  C. Nagamoto 《海洋学报(英文版)》1995,14(3):355-369

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